Climate

Kazakhstan's climate is climate is continental, with hot summers and extreme winters.

Temperatures

Temperatures fluctuate widely, with great variations between subregions. Average July temperatures in the north reach 20°C, whilst in the south they rise to 29°C. Average January temperatures in northern and central regions range from -19°C to -16°C; they are somewhat milder in the south, ranging from -5°C to -1.4°C.

Temperature extremes of -45°C and +45°C have been recorded.

Precipitation

Precipitation varies between arid and semi-arid conditions; ranging from 20-30 cm annually in the northern and central regions to 40-50 cm in the southern mountain valleys.