Politics

The politics of Gabon takes place in a framework of a republic whereby the President of Gabon is head of state and the prime minister is the chief of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. Since independence, the party system is dominated by the conservative Gabonese Democratic Party.

In March 1991, a new constitution was adopted. Among its provisions are a bill of rights, the creation of the National Council of Democracy that also oversees the guarantee of those rights and a governmental advisory board that deals with economic and social issues.

President El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba has been in power since 1967 and as such is the longest-serving African head of state. The president retains strong powers, such as authority to dissolve the National Assembly, declare a state of siege, delay legislation, conduct referenda, and appoint and dismiss the prime minister and cabinet members.

There have been several accusations of electoral fraud and bribery during Gabonese elections, along with incidences of violence and protest. However, several international observers including the Economic Community of Central African States have reported that the election "met international standards" for democratic voting.

Military

Gabon has a small, professional military of about 5,000 personnel, divided into army, navy, air force, gendarmerie and national police. Gabonese forces are oriented to the defence of the country and have not been trained for an offensive role. A well-trained, well-equipped 1,800-member guard provides security for the president.